A fire outbreak in a urban tunnel with congested traffic may pose a great danger to all tunnel
users. The main threat to human life in an urban tunnel fire is thick toxic smoke quickly filling …

Smoke layer thickness is a key parameter in tunnel fire research. In this paper, the effects of
the dimensions of the tunnel cross-section and Heat Release Rate (HRR) in naturally …

The paper presents the results of the numerical modeling of the air velocity distribution in a
road tunnel. The results were validated by full-scale in situ measurements of air velocity in a …

The longitudinal position of the fire source is one of the key parameters affecting the flow
field characteristics in a long-distance tunnel. In this paper, a series of numerical simulations …

The urban undersea road tunnels are featured with high frequent traffic congestions and a
strict environmental control standard. The internal environment in urban undersea road …

Vehicles are travelling in both directions inside one bore for two-way one-bore ones where
traffic force in one direction can be partially offset due to the existence of air movement …

The interchange structure in tunnel complexes has the characteristics of small radius and
multi-ramp compared with the general tunnel, and the design of the ventilation system needs …

Constructions of underground complex road networks or tunnel complexes all over the world
are in the ascendant. However, very few countries have developed specific …

Traffic force induced by the piston effect of moving vehicles is a major driving force to the
airflow in road tunnels. To ensure an adequate flow rate in the tunnel, an accurate …

The efficiency of tunnels systems is often evaluated using numerical simulations. This
concerns both to normal and emergency mode of tunnel systems operation. Therefore the …