Organoids are in vitro miniaturized and simplified model systems of organs that have gained
enormous interest for modelling tissue development and disease, and for personalized …

Recent studies have demonstrated an array of stem cell–derived, self-organizing miniature
organs, termed organoids, that replicate the key structural and functional characteristics of …

Matrigel, a mouse tumor extracellular matrix protein mixture, is an indispensable component
of most organoid tissue culture. However, it has limited the utility of organoids for drug …

Brain organoids derived from human pluripotent stem cells provide a highly valuable in vitro
model to recapitulate human brain development and neurological diseases. However, the …

Multicellular spheroids and organoids are promising in vitro 3D models in personalized
medicine and drug screening. They replicate the structural and functional characteristics of …

Drug development is a long process whose main content includes drug synthesis, drug
delivery, and drug evaluation. Compared with conventional drug development procedures …

Metabolic diseases, including obesity, diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease, are a
major threat to health in the modern world, but efforts to understand the underlying …

The gut microbiota has been implicated in cancer and shown to modulate anticancer drug
efficacy. Altered gut microbiota is associated with resistance to chemo drugs or immune …

With recent progress in modeling liver organogenesis and regeneration, the lack of
vasculature is becoming the bottleneck in progressing our ability to model human hepatic …

Patient‐derived cancer cells (PDCs) and patient‐derived xenografts (PDXs) are often used
as tumor models, but have many shortcomings. PDCs not only lack diversity in terms of cell …