Private tutoring has expanded and intensified in China. However, no government statistical
data or other empirical studies fully capture its extent and characteristics. This paper …

Despite private tutoring gaining increasing popularity in many countries, studies of the
choice of and rationale for private tutoring among Chinese parents before and after the …

Purpose: Private supplementary tutoring has been increasingly used by parents as part of
wider strategies to assist their children's education careers in China. With a theoretical lens …

As cross-country comparisons of education systems have become increasingly important for
policy-making, different structural arrangements have attracted attention in the pursuit of …

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