Hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is a key hormone for reproductive
functions in vertebrates and non-vertebrates. Although GnRH neuronal system is regulated …

The evolution of the melanocortin receptors (MCRs) is linked to the evolution of
adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), the melanocyte-stimulating hormones (MSHs), and …

Gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH) is a hypothalamic neuropeptide that inhibits
gonadotropin secretion and socio-sexual behaviours. Oestrogen (neuroestrogen) …

Rapid effects of social interactions on transient changes in hormonal levels are known in a
wide variety of vertebrate taxa, ranging from fish to humans. Although these responses are …

Neuropeptides that possess the Arg-Phe-NH 2 motif at their C-termini (ie, RFamide
peptides) have been characterized in the nervous system of both invertebrates and …

The RFamide neuropeptide 26RFa was first isolated from the brain of the European green
frog on the basis of cross‐reactivity with antibodies raised against bovine neuropeptide FF …

The hypothalamus plays an important role in regulating sleep, but few hypothalamic sleep-
promoting signaling pathways have been identified. Here we demonstrate a role for the …

The Bengalese finch was domesticated more than 250 years ago from the wild white‐
rumped munia (WRM). Similar to other domesticated species, Bengalese finches show a …

RFamides (RFa) are neuropeptides involved in many different physiological processes in
vertebrates, such as reproductive behavior, pubertal activation of the reproductive endocrine …

QRFP, a member of the RFamide-related peptide family, is a strongly conserved
hypothalamic neuropeptide that has been characterized in various species. Prepro-QRFP …