The enteric nervous system (ENS) is an extensive network comprising millions of neurons
and glial cells contained within the wall of the gastrointestinal tract. The major functions of …

This review is focused on purinergic neurotransmission, ie, ATP released from nerves as a
transmitter or cotransmitter to act as an extracellular signaling molecule on both pre-and …

Enteric glia are a unique class of peripheral glial cells within the gastrointestinal tract. Major
populations of enteric glia are found in enteric ganglia in the myenteric and submucosal …

By general consensus, the omnipresent purine nucleoside adenosine is considered a major
regulator of local tissue function, especially when energy supply fails to meet cellular energy …

Glia (from Greek γλοία meaning 'glue') pertains to non‐neuronal cells in the central (CNS)
and peripheral nervous system (PNS) that nourish neurons and maintain homeostasis. In …

Adenosine is a primordial signaling molecule present in every cell of the human body that
mediates its physiological functions by interacting with 4 subtypes of G-protein-coupled …

Purpose: Adenosine is a ubiquitous nucleoside that accumulates at high levels in hypoxic
regions of solid tumors, and A3 adenosine receptors have been recently demonstrated to …

In the first 20 years that followed the purinergic signalling hypothesis in 1972, most scientists
were sceptical about its validity, largely because ATP was so well established as an …

Purinergic signalling plays major roles in the physiology and pathophysiology of digestive
organs. Adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP), together with nitric oxide and vasoactive …

Extracellular adenosine is a ubiquitous signaling molecule that modulates a wide array of
biological processes. Recently, significant advances have been made in our understanding …