In open learning environments students are confronted with complex tasks. Learners have
control over the environment and decide themselves over the use of support tools. However …

One distinctive feature of any adaptive system is the user model that represents essential
information about each user. This chapter complements other chapters of this book in …

We propose and demonstrate a methodology for building tractable normative intelligent
tutoring systems (ITSs). A normative ITS uses a Bayesian network for long-term student …

In this chapter, I review the theoretical and empirical work on the use of animated
pedagogical agents (APAs) in multimedia learning. After defining APAs and reviewing some …

A central component of many AIED systems is a “domain model,” that is, a representation of
knowledge of the domain of instruction. The system uses the model in many ways to provide …

We propose and evaluate a decision-theoretic approach for selecting tutorial actions by
looking ahead to anticipate their effects on the student and other aspects of the tutorial state …

This thesis proposes, demonstrates, and evaluates, the concept of the normative Intelligent
Tutoring System (ITS). Normative theories are ideal, optimal theories of rational behaviour …

This article gives an overview of current research on animated pedagogical agents at the
Center for Advanced Research in Technology for Education (CARTE) at the University of …

Animated pedagogical agents offer promise as a means of making computer-aided learning
more engaging and effective. To achieve this, an agent must be able to interact with the …

Past studies have shown that Bayesian Knowledge Tracing (BKT) can predict student
performance and implement Cognitive Mastery successfully. Standard BKT individualizes …