Targeting and readout strategies for fast optical neural control in vitro and in vivo

V Gradinaru, KR Thompson, F Zhang… - Journal of …, 2007 - Soc Neuroscience
Major obstacles faced by neuroscientists in attempting to unravel the complexity of brain
function include both the heterogeneity of brain tissue (with a multitude of cell types present …

The appropriate use of neurostimulation: new and evolving neurostimulation therapies and applicable treatment for chronic pain and selected disease states

TR Deer, E Krames, N Mekhail, J Pope, M Leong… - … : Technology at the …, 2014 - Elsevier
Introduction: The International Neuromodulation Society (INS) has determined that there is a
need to provide an expert consensus that defines the appropriate use of neuromodulation …

[HTML][HTML] Molecular and cellular approaches for diversifying and extending optogenetics

V Gradinaru, F Zhang, C Ramakrishnan, J Mattis… - Cell, 2010 - cell.com
Optogenetic technologies employ light to control biological processes within targeted cells in
vivo with high temporal precision. Here, we show that application of molecular trafficking …

Bi-stable neural state switches

A Berndt, O Yizhar, LA Gunaydin, P Hegemann… - Nature …, 2009 - nature.com
Here we describe bi-stable channelrhodopsins that convert a brief pulse of light into a stable
step in membrane potential. These molecularly engineered probes nevertheless retain …

eNpHR: a Natronomonas halorhodopsin enhanced for optogenetic applications

V Gradinaru, KR Thompson, K Deisseroth - Brain cell biology, 2008 - Springer
Temporally precise inhibition of distinct cell types in the intact nervous system has been
enabled by the microbial halorhodopsin NpHR, a fast light-activated electrogenic Cl− pump …

Structure of the light-driven chloride pump halorhodopsin at 1.8 Å resolution

M Kolbe, H Besir, LO Essen, D Oesterhelt - Science, 2000 - science.org
Halorhodopsin, an archaeal rhodopsin ubiquitous in Haloarchaea, uses light energy to
pump chloride through biological membranes. Halorhodopsin crystals were grown in a cubic …

Optical control of zebrafish behavior with halorhodopsin

AB Arrenberg, F Del Bene… - Proceedings of the …, 2009 - National Acad Sciences
Expression of halorhodopsin (NpHR), a light-driven microbial chloride pump, enables
optical control of membrane potential and reversible silencing of targeted neurons. We …

Light-sensitive ion-passing molecules

K Deisseroth, F Zhang, V Gradinaru - US Patent 9,079,940, 2015 - Google Patents
2011-10-12 Assigned to THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES OF THE LELAND STANFORD
JUNIOR UNIVERSITY reassignment THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES OF THE LELAND …

[HTML][HTML] Analogies between halorhodopsin and bacteriorhodopsin

G Váró - Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Bioenergetics, 2000 - Elsevier
The light-activated proton-pumping bacteriorhodopsin and chloride ion-pumping
halorhodopsin are compared. They belong to the family of retinal proteins, with 25% amino …

Temperature and halide dependence of the photocycle of halorhodopsin from Natronobacterium pharaonis

I Chizhov, M Engelhard - Biophysical journal, 2001 - cell.com
The photocycle kinetics of halorhodopsin from Natronobacterium pharaonis (pHR 575) was
analyzed at different temperatures and chloride concentrations as well as various halides …