Two different patterns of the condensation and chondrification of the limbs of tetrapods are
known from extensive studies on their early skeletal development. These are on the one …

Along with supernumerary bones, sesamoids, defined as any organized intratendinous/
intraligamentous structure, including those composed of fibrocartilage, adjacent to an …

Squamates (lizards and snakes) include more than 10,000 living species, descended from
an ancestor that diverged more than 240 million years ago from that of their closest living …

Background One of the most distinctive traits found within Chamaeleonidae is their split/cleft
autopodia and the simplified and divergent morphology of the mesopodial skeleton. These …

Sphaerodactyl geckos comprise five genera distributed across Central and South America
and the Caribbean. We estimated phylogenetic relationships among sphaerodactyl genera …

How do the various anatomical parts (modules) of the animal body evolve into very different
integrated forms (integration) yet still function properly without decreasing the individual's …

Most textbooks and research reports state that the structures of the tetrapod forelimbs and
hindlimbs are serial homologues. From this view, the main challenge of evolutionary …

Gekkotan lizards of the genus Hemidactylus exhibit derived digital morphologies. These
include heavily reduced antepenultimate phalanges of digits III and IV of the manus and …

From early dinosaurs with as many as nine wrist bones, modern birds evolved to develop
only four ossifications. Their identity is uncertain, with different labels used in palaeontology …

The Early Cretaceous Jehol Biota of China includes seven named lizard taxa:
Yabeinosaurus tenuis and Dalinghosaurus longidigitus; the gliding Xianglong; more …