MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous, small non‐coding RNAs known to regulate
expression of protein‐coding genes. A large proportion of miRNAs are highly conserved …

Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) programs play essential functions in normal
morphogenesis and organogenesis, including that occurring during mammary gland …

Claudin-low breast cancer is a molecular type of breast cancer originally identified by gene
expression profiling and reportedly associated with poor survival. Claudin-low tumors have …

Polyclonal metastases frequently arise from clusters of circulating tumor cells (CTCs). CTC
clusters metastasize better than single CTCs, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are …

Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease that is characterized by a high grade of cell
plasticity arising from the contribution of a diverse range of factors. When combined, these …

Abstract Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) is a serine/threonine kinase that participates
in an array of critical cellular processes. GSK-3 was first characterized as an enzyme that …

Owing to improved early surveillance and advanced therapy strategies, the current death
rate due to breast cancer has decreased; nevertheless, drug resistance and relapse remain …

Background Members of the microRNA (miR)-200 family, which are involved in tumor
metastasis, have potential as cancer biomarkers, but their regulatory mechanisms remain …

Background Radiotherapy is a conventional and effective local treatment for breast cancer.
However, residual or recurrent tumors appears frequently because of radioresistance. Novel …

The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been implicated in conferring stem cell
properties and therapeutic resistance to cancer cells. Therefore, identification of drugs that …