Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome 2
(SARS-CoV-2), has been one of the most devastating pandemics of recent times. The lack of …

The efficacy of an antiretroviral (ARV) treatment regimen depends on the activity of the
regimen's individual ARV drugs and the number of HIV-1 mutations required for the …

Small-molecule drug discovery involves the optimization of various physicochemical
properties of a ligand, particularly its binding affinity for its target receptor (or receptors). In …

Malarial dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) is the target of antifolate antimalarial drugs such as
pyrimethamine and cycloguanil, the clinical efficacy of which have been compromised by …

Avibactam is a novel non-β-lactam β-lactamase inhibitor that inhibits a wide range of β-
lactamases. These include class A, class C, and some class D enzymes, which erode the …

Biomolecular recognition can be stubborn; changes in the structures of associating
molecules, or the environments in which they associate, often yield compensating changes …

The introduction of potent combination therapies in the mid-90s had a tremendous effect on
AIDS mortality. However, drug resistance has been a major factor contributing to …

Current advancements in antiretroviral therapy (ART) have turned HIV-1 infection into a
chronic and manageable disease. However, treatment is only effective until HIV-1 develops …

Homo-oligomerization of proteins is abundant in nature, and is often intimately related with
the physiological functions of proteins, such as in metabolism, signal transduction or …

Viral proteases are diverse in structure, oligomeric state, catalytic mechanism, and substrate
specificity. This chapter focuses on proteases from viruses that are relevant to human health …