Photoacoustic is an emerging biomedical imaging modality, which allows imaging optical
absorbers in the tissue by acoustic detectors (light in-sound out). Such a technique has an …

Upon adequate stimulation, real-time maps of cortical hemodynamic responses can be
obtained by functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), which noninvasively measures …

This review is aimed at celebrating the upcoming 20th anniversary of the birth of human
functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). After the discovery in 1992 that the functional …

In this paper, hybrid brain-computer interface (hBCI) technologies for improving
classification accuracy and increasing the number of commands are reviewed. Hybridization …

This review describes the diffusion model for light transport in tissues and the medical
applications of diffuse light. Diffuse optics is particularly useful for measurement of tissue …

The seventh edition of this classic text outlines the fundamental physical principles of
thermal radiation, as well as analytical and numerical techniques for quantifying radiative …

Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a non-invasive method to measure brain
activities using the changes of optical absorption in the brain through the intact skull. fNIRS …

Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a non-invasive method to measure brain activity via
changes in the degree of hemoglobin oxygenation through the intact skull. As optically …

Although optical absorption is strongly associated with the physiological status of biological
tissue, existing high-resolution optical imaging modalities, including confocal microscopy …

Optical sensing of specific molecular targets and pathways deep inside living mice has
become possible as a result of a number of advances. These include design of …