This review summarizes surface morphology changes of tungsten caused by heat and
particle loadings from edge plasmas, and their effects on enhanced erosion and material …

Tungsten, the primary material under consideration as the divertor material in magnetic-
confinement nuclear fusion reactors, has been known for the last decade to form'fuzz'—a …

The tungsten (W) material in the high heat flux regions of the ITER divertor will be exposed
to high fluxes of low-energy particles (eg H, D, T, He, Ne and/or N). Combined with long …

Helium plasma irradiation to various metals leads to peculiar morphology changes as
forming fiberform nanostructures called fuzz when a certain set of conditions is satisfied. In …

This work discusses the response of ultrafine-grained tungsten materials to high-flux, high-
fluence, low energy pure He irradiation. Ultrafine-grained tungsten samples were exposed …

Helium plasma irradiation on metal surfaces leads to the formation of metallic fuzzy
nanostructures accompanied by the growth of helium bubbles in metals. The mechanism of …

Nanotendril “fuzz” will grow under He bombardment under tokamak-relevant conditions on
tungsten plasma-facing materials in a magnetic fusion energy device. We have grown …

Surface and near-surface morphology evolution of helium-irradiated tungsten due to thermal
cycling up to the ITER-relevant temperature of 1350 K was studied using electron …

It has been found recently that low-energy helium (He) plasma irradiation to tungsten (W)
leads to the growth of W nanostructures on the surface. The process to grow the …

One of the main challenges in developing highly efficient nanostructured photoelectrodes is
to achieve good control over the desired morphology and good electrical conductivity. We …