The use of two or more languages is common in most of the world. Yet, until recently,
bilingualism was considered to be a complicating factor for language processing, cognition …

Noun phrases (NPs) constitute one of the most frequent sites where bilingual speakers code-
switch. In this chapter we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of research into …

Previous research on bilingual language switching and lexical access has demonstrated a
consistent reaction time cost associated with producing a switched token. While some …

Bilinguals in the presence of other bilinguals engage in codeswitching, the fluid and
intentional alternation between languages during bilingual speech or text. Codeswitching …

Code-switching is prevalent in bilingual speech, and follows specific syntactic constraints.
Several theories have been proposed to explain these constraints, and in this paper we …

In this paper, we argue that usage-based approaches to grammar, which specify how
linguistic experience leads to grammatical knowledge through the interplay of cognitive …

Studies assessing the grammatical knowledge of speakers of Spanish as a heritage
language have largely focused on the Spanish subjunctive mood and have concluded …

Is there a single trajectory to third-language (L3) communicative proficiency in proficient,
adult bilingual speakers? Parsimony favours such a possibility but in this theoretical paper …

Multilingual classrooms and online communication are becoming increasingly linguistically
diverse due to globalization and new discourse patterns are emerging. Many of these …

Bilinguals are able to compose expressions across their languages with seeming ease. This
phenomenon, commonly referred to as code-switching, has challenged both theoretical …