Objective: To compare prey and snake paradigms performed in complex environments to
the elevated plus-maze (EPM) and T-maze (ETM) tests for the study of panic attack-and …

Over the past two decades, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have explored brain
activation patterns during acute noxious stimuli. Whilst these human investigations have …

Using an innovative approach to study the neural bases of psychiatric disorders, this study
investigated the behavioral, morphological and pharmacological bases of panic attack …

Engineered small graphene oxide (s-GO) sheets were previously shown to reversibly down-
regulate glutamatergic synapses in the hippocampus of juvenile rats, disclosing an …

The effects of endogenous opioid peptide antagonists on panic-related responses are
controversial. Using elevated mazes and a prey-versus-predator paradigm, we investigated …

Aggressive behavior is one of the most conserved social interactions in nature and serves
as a crucial evolutionary trait. Serotonin (5-HT) plays a key role in the regulation of our …

Rationale Previous studies suggested that the dorsal column of the periaqueductal grey
matter (dPAG) can be a target of neural pathways from hypothalamic nuclei involved in …

Defensive responses are neurophysiological processes crucial for survival during
threatening situations. Defensive immobility is a common adaptive response, in rodents …

The medial prefrontal cortex can influence unconditioned fear-induced defensive
mechanisms organised by diencephalic neurons that are under tonic GABAergic inhibition …

Rationale The endocannabinoid system plays an important role in the organization of panic-
like defensive behavior. Threatening situations stimulate brain areas, such as the …