The application of skin temperature has significantly contributed to the objective evaluation
of thermal sensation, but its limitations make it only a temporary solution. In scenarios with …

Simple Summary Heat stress is an important performance and welfare issue for exercising
horses. The process of thermoregulation is crucial for equine athletes. Excessive metabolic …

Core and surface body temperature are physiological indicators commonly used in human-
environment researches, but which specific body temperatures can characterize them have …

Eye temperature (ET) has long been used for predicting or indicating heat stress in dairy
cows. However, the region of interest (ROI) and temperature parameter of the eye have not …

ECTemp™ is a heart rate (HR)-based core temperature (CT) estimation algorithm mainly
used as a real-time thermal-work strain indicator in military populations. ECTemp™ may …

Background Predicting the energy costs of human travel over snow can be of significant
value to the military and other agencies planning work efforts when snow is present. The …

Physiologically based thermoregulatory models are useful for deriving predictions of heat
strain for pragmatic applications such as planning of continuous exercise/work-rest …

Hyperthermia is a performance and welfare issue for exercising horses. The
thermoregulatory stressors associated with exercise have typically been estimated by …

Introduction: Military load carriage can cause extreme energy expenditure (EE) that is
difficult to estimate due to complex terrain grades and surfaces. Global positioning system …

Objectives Body surface area (SA) is a widely used physical measure incorporated into
multiple thermophysiology and evolutionary biology models currently estimated in humans …