Tumours display an astonishing variation in the spatial distribution, composition and
activation state of immune cells, which impacts their progression and response to …

Immune escape is a hallmark of cancer. The dynamic and heterogeneous tumour
microenvironment (TME) causes insufficient infiltration and poor efficacy of natural killer (NK) …

Gap junctions comprise arrays of intercellular channels formed by connexin proteins and
provide for the direct communication between adjacent cells. This type of intercellular …

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the most common tumours of the urinary system, and
is insidious and not susceptible to chemoradiotherapy. As the most common subtype of RCC …

Autophagy is a crucial recycling process that is increasingly being recognized as an
important factor in cancer initiation, cancer (stem) cell maintenance as well as the …

The delineation of key molecular pathways has enhanced our knowledge of the biology of
tumor microenvironment, tumor dissemination, and carcinogenesis. The complexities of cell …

Cells existing in the form of clusters often exhibit distinct physiological functions from their
monodispersed forms, which have a close association with tissue and organ development …

Although natural killer (NK) cells play an important role in the control of melanoma, hypoxic
stress in the tumor microenvironment may impair NK-mediated tumor cell killing by …

Antigen transfer refers to the process of intercellular information exchange, where antigenic
components including nucleic acids, antigen proteins/peptides and peptide-major …

The expression, localization, and function of connexins, the protein subunits that comprise
gap junctions, are often altered in cancer. In addition to cell–cell coupling through gap …