Ten years ago,'Understanding the vertebrate immune system: insights from the reptilian
perspective'was published. At the time, our understanding of the reptilian immune system …

The structure and amino acid diversity of the T‐cell receptor (TCR), similar in nature to that of
Fab portions of antibodies, would suggest that these proteins have a nearly infinite capacity …

T lymphocytes or T cells are key components of the vertebrate response to pathogens and
cancer. There are two T cell classes based on their TCRs, αβ T cells and γδ T cells, and …

Antibody evolution studies have been traditionally limited to either tracing a single clonal
lineage (B cells derived from a single V-(D)-J recombination) over time or examining bulk …

Immunoglobulins are essential proteins of the immune system to neutralize pathogens.
Gene encoding B cell receptors and antibodies (Ig genes) first appeared with the …

Recent studies have established that the innate immune system of reptiles is broad and
robust, but the question remains: What role does the reptilian adaptive immune system play …

Long-read sequencing technologies have revolutionized genome assembly, addressing the
limitations of short reads by spanning large, repetitive, and complex genomic regions. These …

Squamata are reptiles that diverged from mammals 300 million years ago. During this
period, the immunoglobulin (IG) and T lymphocyte receptor (TCR) genes evolved parallel to …

Immunoglobulin (Ig) genes encode antibodies in jawed vertebrates. They are essential
elements of the adaptive immune response. Ig exists in soluble form or as part of the B cell …

Recently, many immune-related genes have been extensively studied in ducks, but
relatively little is known about their TCR genes. Here, we determined the germline and …