Infection of humans with SARS‐CoV‐2 virus causes a disease known colloquially as
“COVID‐19” with symptoms ranging from asymptomatic to severe pneumonia. Initial …

The ventral tegmental area (VTA) is best known for its robust dopaminergic projections to
forebrain regions and their critical role in regulating reward, motivation, cognition, and …

Circadian clocks are biological timing mechanisms that generate 24-h rhythms of physiology
and behavior, exemplified by cycles of sleep/wake, hormone release, and metabolism. The …

Pro-inflammatory systemic conditions that can cause neuroinflammation and subsequent
alterations in brain regions involved in emotional regulation have been suggested as an …

Bipolar disorder is a decidedly heterogeneous and multifactorial disease, with a high
individual and societal burden. While not all patients display overt markers of elevated …

A complex pathogenesis involving several physiological systems is theorized to underline
the development of depressive disorders. Depression is accompanied by circadian …

The aim of this article is to summarize the pathways connecting the gut and the brain and to
highlight their role in the development of depression as well as their potential use as …

Circadian rhythms regulate various processes in the human body, including drug
metabolism. Chronotherapy optimizes treatment timing based on the circadian rhythm of the …

Circadian rhythm disruption (CRD) is a shared characteristic of various brain disorders, such
as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and major depression disorder …

Depression has become one of the most commonly prevalent neuropsychiatric disorders,
and the main characteristics of depression are sleep disorders and melatonin secretion …