Nucleotide signalling molecules contribute to the regulation of cellular pathways in all forms
of life. In recent years, the discovery of new signalling molecules in bacteria and archaea, as …

The heat-shock response is a mechanism of cellular protection against sudden adverse
environmental growth conditions and results in the prompt production of various heat-shock …

Protein turnover is a tightly controlled process that is crucial for the removal of aberrant
polypeptides and for cellular signalling. Whereas ubiquitin marks eukaryotic proteins for …

One of the strongest and most noticeable responses of Bacillus subtilis cells to a range of
stress and starvation stimuli is the dramatic induction of about 150 SigB-dependent general …

Protein phosphorylation on serine, threonine, and tyrosine (Ser/Thr/Tyr) is generally
considered the major regulatory posttranslational modification in eukaryotic cells. Increasing …

Protein phosphorylation on serine, threonine, and tyrosine (Ser/Thr/Tyr) is well established
as a key regulatory posttranslational modification in eukaryotes, but little is known about its …

Clp proteolytic complexes consisting of a proteolytic core flanked by Clp ATPases are widely
conserved in bacteria, and their biological roles have received considerable interest. In …

Members of the AAA+ protein superfamily contribute to many diverse aspects of protein
homeostasis in prokaryotic cells. As a fundamental component of numerous proteolytic …

Enterococcus is a diverse and rugged genus colonizing the gastrointestinal tract of humans
and numerous hosts across the animal kingdom. Enterococci are also a leading cause of …

Listeria monocytogenes can respond rapidly to changing environmental conditions, as
illustrated by its ability to transition from a saprophyte to an orally transmitted facultative …