Abstract Thioredoxins (Trx) and glutaredoxins (Grx) constitute families of thiol
oxidoreductases. Our knowledge of Trx and Grx in plants has dramatically increased during …

Chloroplasts are essential organelles in the cells of plants and algae. The functions of these
specialized plastids are largely dependent on the~ 3000 proteins residing in the organelle …

Parasites of the phylum Apicomplexa cause diseases that impact global health and
economy. These unicellular eukaryotes possess a relict plastid, the apicoplast, which is an …

Plants are sessile organisms that live under a constant barrage of biotic and abiotic insults.
Both biotic and abiotic stress factors have been shown to affect various aspects of plant …

Chlorophyll degradation is the most obvious hallmark of leaf senescence. Phyllobilins, linear
tetrapyrroles that are derived from opening of the chlorin macrocycle by the Rieske-type …

P lasmodium parasites remodel their vertebrate host cells by translocating hundreds of
proteins across an encasing membrane into the host cell cytosol via a putative export …

Although mitochondrial alternative oxidase (AOX) has been proposed to play essential roles
in high light stress tolerance, the effects of AOX on chlorophyll synthesis are unclear …

Chloroplasts originated from an endosymbiotic event in which a free-living cyanobacterium
was engulfed by an ancestral eukaryotic host. During evolution the majority of the …

Triose phosphates (TPs) are the primary products of photosynthetic CO2 fixation in
chloroplasts, which need to be exported into the cytosol across the chloroplast inner …

Chloroplasts like mitochondria were derived from an endosymbiontic event. Due to the
massive gene transfer to the nucleus during endosymbiosis, only a limited number of …