Now 30 years old, the chronic mild stress (CMS) model of depression has been used in>
1300 published studies, with a year-on-year increase rising to> 200 papers in 2015. Data …

The human body hosts an enormous abundance and diversity of microbes, which perform a
range of essential and beneficial functions. Our appreciation of the importance of these …

Globally, depression is a leading cause of disability and has remained so for decades.
Antidepressant medications have suboptimal outcomes and are too frequently associated …

Neurotransmitters, including catecholamines and serotonin, play a crucial role in
maintaining homeostasis in the human body. Studies on these neurotransmitters mainly …

The brain-gut axis is a bidirectional communication system between the central nervous
system and the gastrointestinal tract. Serotonin functions as a key neurotransmitter at both …

In the last decade, emerging evidence has reported correlations between the gut
microbiome and human health and disease, including those affecting the brain. We …

A bíblia azul da farmacologia–assim tem sido mundialmente chamado este clássico
acadêmico desde o lançamento de sua 1ª edição, em 1941. A nova edição de Goodman & …

We present a comprehensive overview of the neurobiology of unipolar major depression
and antidepressant drug action, integrating data from affective neuroscience, neuro-and …

Signs and symptoms that are characteristic for depression include changes in the setpoint of
the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) system, which in the majority of these …

Serotonin is an important gastrointestinal signaling molecule. It is a paracrine messenger
utilized by enterochromaffin (EC) cells, which function as sensory transducers. Serotonin …