This chapter reviews the empirical economics literature on the impact of trade liberalization
on firms' innovation-related outcomes. We define and examine four types of shocks to trade …

Productivity is the main factor holding back long-term economic growth in Italy. Since the
second half of the 1990s, productivity growth has been feeble both by historical standards …

Why do living standards differ so much across countries? A consensus in the development
literature is that differences in productivity are a dominant source of these differences. But …

How do firms in global value chains react to input shortages? We examine micro-level
adjustments to supply chain shocks, building on the Covid-19 pandemic as a case study …

This paper investigates the effect of export shocks on innovation. On the one hand a positive
shock increases market size and therefore innovation incentives for all firms. On the other …

How large are the intra-national trade costs that separate consumers in remote locations of
developing countries from global markets? What do those barriers imply for the intra …

We examine the global operations of multi-product firms. We present a flexible
heterogeneous-firm trade model with either limited or strong scope for quality differentiation …

Do firms adjust wages in response to changes in their own demand level or to changes in
competitive pressure from rival employers? We study how exporters adjust wages in …

We present a framework that can be used to assess the equilibrium impact of regulation on
endogenous innovation with heterogeneous firms. We implement this model using French …

The main objective of this study was to identify the factors influencing greenhouse
development in Uzbekistan. Supported by the literature, the conceptual model of the study …