Five decades ago, seminal studies positioned the brainstem locus coeruleus (LC)
norepinephrine (NE) system as a key substrate for the regulation of wakefulness and sleep …

Sleep is an essential physiological function that sustains human life. Sleep disorders involve
problems with the quality, duration, and abnormal behaviour of sleep. Insomnia is the most …

Experimental evidence has implicated multiple neurotransmitter systems in either the direct
or indirect modulation of cortical arousal and attention circuitry. In this review, we selectively …

Expressions such as 'sleep on it'refer to the resolution of distressing experiences across a
night of sound sleep. Sleep is an active state during which the brain reorganizes the …

Background The hypothalamus plays a crucial role in regulating sleep-wake cycle and
motivated behavior. Sleep disturbance is associated with impairment in cognitive and …

In this narrative review, we give an overview of the concept of rapid eye movement sleep
instability and its reported implications in the context of insomnia. The term rapid eye …

Insomnia disorder signifies a major public health concern. The development of
neuroimaging techniques has permitted to investigate brain mechanisms at a structural and …

Sleep disorders affect many people worldwide and can accompany neurodegenerative and
psychiatric diseases. Sleep may be altered before the clinical manifestations of some of …

BACKGROUND The locus coeruleus (LC) is the primary source of norepinephrine in the
brain and regulates arousal and sleep. Animal research shows that it plays important roles …

The locus coeruleus‐norepinephrine (LC‐NE) system, which regulates arousal levels, is
important for cognitive control, including emotional conflict resolution. Additionally, the LC …