Inter-individual variability in drug response, be it efficacy or safety, is common and likely to
become an increasing problem globally given the growing elderly population requiring …

Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) is a critical pharmacogene involved in the metabolism of~
20% of commonly used drugs across a broad spectrum of medical disciplines including …

Background The benefit of pharmacogenetic testing before starting drug therapy has been
well documented for several single gene–drug combinations. However, the clinical utility of …

Many studies have shown that the efficacy and risk of side effects of drug treatment is
influenced by genetic variants. Evidence based guidelines are essential for implementing …

The field of pharmacogenomics (PGx) is gradually shifting from the reactive testing of single
genes toward the proactive testing of multiple genes to improve treatment outcomes, reduce …

Statins are a cornerstone in the pharmacological prevention of cardiovascular disease.
Although generally well tolerated, a small subset of patients experience statin-related …

Both the Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) and Dutch
Pharmacogenetics Working Group provide therapeutic recommendations for well‐known …

Pharmacogenomics is the use of genomic and other “omic” information to individualize drug
selection and drug use to avoid adverse drug reactions and to maximize drug efficacy. The …

Considerable efforts have been exerted to implement Pharmacogenomics (PGx), the study
of interindividual variations in DNA sequence related to drug response, into routine clinical …

The aim of personalized medicine is to detach from a “one-size fits all approach” and
improve patient health by individualization to achieve the best outcomes in disease …