The accelerating pace of the discovery of genes has far surpassed our capabilities to
understand their biological function—in other words, the phenotypes they engender. We …

The composition of cultivation media in relation to strain development for industrial
application is reviewed. Heterologous protein production and pentose utilization by …

Optical density (OD) measurements of microbial growth are one of the most common
techniques used in microbiology, with applications ranging from studies of antibiotic efficacy …

Abstract In the 1960s–1980s, determination of bacterial growth rates was an important tool
in microbial genetics, biochemistry, molecular biology, and microbial physiology. The …

The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been an essential component of human
civilization because of its long global history of use in food and beverage fermentation …

Since the completion of the genome sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in 1996 (refs),
there has been a large increase in complete genome sequences, accompanied by great …

Combination therapy is rarely used to counter the evolution of resistance in bacterial
infections. Expansion of the use of combination therapy requires knowledge of how drugs …

Structural rearrangements have long been recognized as an important source of genetic
variation, with implications in phenotypic diversity and disease, yet their detailed …

Conditional temperature-sensitive (ts) mutations are valuable reagents for studying essential
genes in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We constructed 787 ts strains, covering 497 …

Genetically identical cells frequently display substantial heterogeneity in gene expression,
cellular morphology and physiology. It has been suggested that by rapidly generating a …