Cultural heritage monuments may be discolored and degraded by growth and activity of
living organisms. Microorganisms form biofilms on surfaces of stone, with resulting aesthetic …

Fungi are ubiquitous and important biosphere inhabitants, and their abilities to decompose,
degrade, and otherwise transform a massive range of organic and inorganic substances …

Abstract Microplastics (< 5 mm) have often been studied under in-vitro conditions where
plastics have been investigated in isolation. However, in the natural environment …

This review has as its underlying premise the need to become proficient in delivering a suite
of element or metal products from polymetallic ores to avoid the predicted exhaustion of key …

Since ancient time, magnificence and beauty have been the goals of architecture. Artists and
architects used high strength, durable and beautiful stones like marble and limestone for the …

Geochemical cycles result in the chemical, physical, and mineralogical modification of rocks,
eventually leading to formation of soil. However, when the stones and rocks are a part of …

Two subterranean ancient Chinese tombs of over 1700 years old, one from the Jin Dynasty
and another from the Han Dynasty, were investigated in relation to black spots associated …

Microbial colonization on stone monuments leads to subsequent biodeterioration;
determining the microbe diversity, compositions, and metabolic capacities is essential for …

This work presents a review of the findings of calcium oxalate films, a widespread decay
phenomenon recovered on stone and other substrates (mortars, wall and easel paintings …

The gradual degradation of technical materials by bacteria, cyanobacteria and fungi, is of
great economic and social significance. In temperate climates, microbial colonization is …