Electroactive microorganisms acting as microbial electrocatalysts have intrinsic metabolisms
that mediate a redox potential difference between solid electrodes and microbes, leading to …

Electrons can be transferred from microorganisms to multivalent metal ions that are
associated with minerals and vice versa. As the microbial cell envelope is neither physically …

Manganese is one of the most abundant elements on Earth. The oxidation of manganese
has long been theorized—yet has not been demonstrated,–—to fuel the growth of …

Iron is a micronutrient for nearly all life on Earth. It can be used as an electron donor and
electron acceptor by iron-oxidizing and iron-reducing microorganisms and is used in a …

Multicellular assemblages of microorganisms are ubiquitous in nature, and the proximity
afforded by aggregation is thought to permit intercellular metabolic coupling that can …

The anaerobic oxidation of methane coupled to sulfate reduction is a microbially mediated
process requiring a syntrophic partnership between anaerobic methanotrophic (ANME) …

Extracellular electron transfer (EET) is the physiological process that enables the reduction
or oxidation of molecules and minerals beyond the surface of a microbial cell. The first …

Anaerobic digestion is a traditional method of producing methane-containing biogas by
utilizing the methanogenic conversion of organic matter like agricultural waste and animal …

Anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) is catalyzed by anaerobic methane‐oxidizing
archaea (ANME) via a reverse and modified methanogenesis pathway. Methanogens can …

Electroactive bacteria produce or consume electrical current by moving electrons to and
from extracellular acceptors and donors. This specialized process, known as extracellular …