Background: Facial symmetry is intimately correlated with attractiveness. Perfect facial
symmetry is disconcerting and a degree of facial asymmetry is considered normal. There is a …

Individuals with a locked-in state live with severe whole-body paralysis that limits their ability
to communicate with family and loved ones. Recent advances in brain–computer interface …

The present study aims to use enhanced ionic polymer–metal composites (IPMC) as an
artificial muscle (a soft-active actuator) to restore eyelid movement of patients with ptosis …

Objectives/Hypothesis To quantify the threshold for human perception of asymmetry for
eyebrow elevation, eye closure, and smile, and to ascertain whether asymmetry detection …

Background: Elicitation of eye closure and other movements via electrical stimulation may
provide effective treatment for facial paralysis. The authors performed a human feasibility …

Reanimation of paralysed facial muscles by electrical stimulation has been studied
extensively in animal models, but human studies in this field are largely lacking. Twenty-four …

Patients suffering from facial paralysis are on the hazard of disfigurement and loss of vision
due to loss of blink function. Functional-electrical stimulation (FES) is one possible way of …

The present aim was to investigate transcutaneous facial muscle stimulation in order to take
further steps in developing facial pacing technology, which can offer a new treatment option …

Infrared-Based Blink-Detecting Glasses for Facial Pacing: Toward a Bionic Blink: JAMA
Facial Plastic Surgery: Vol 16, No 3 Mary Ann Liebert Logo This Journal Anywhere Quick …

Objectives: Facial nerve palsy causes blurred vision and ocular discomfort due to deficits in
blinking and eye closure. The objective of this study was to determine whether eye-blinks …