Background Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is used in a variety of
different clinical settings to treat a range of different acute and chronic pain conditions and …

This review elucidates the roles of capillary haemodynamics, nitric oxide (NO) and vascular
endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the remodelling of skeletal muscle microcirculation in …

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a common vascular disease that reduces blood flow
capacity to the legs of patients. PAD leads to exercise intolerance that can progress in …

Background There is no consensus on the efficacy of physical training, smoking cessation,
and pharmacological therapy (pentoxifylline or nafronyl oxalate) in the treatment of patients …

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for chronic pain Page 1 Transcutaneous
electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for chronic pain (Review) Carroll D, Moore RA, McQuay HJ …

Background: Although exercise training improves exercise tolerance in most patients with
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), some patients with severe disease may not …

Angiogenesis provides a mechanism by which delivery of oxygen and nutrients is adapted
to compliment changes in tissue mass or metabolic activity. However, maladaptive …

In severe COPD patients, oxidative stress, which is involved in their peripheral muscle
dysfunction, increases in response to exercise. In this study, muscle oxidative stress was …

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) impairs patients' quality of life (QOL), walking and ulcer
healing, increasing patient pain, costs, and risks of amputation or mortality. A literature …

Background Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is common and symptoms can be debilitating
and lethal. Risk management, exercise, radiological and surgical intervention are all …