Background Angiogenesis is a key and early step in tumorigenesis, and is known as a
hallmark of solid tumors and a key promoter of tumor recurrence. Unlike normal tissue …

The effectiveness of anticancer drugs in treating a solid tumour is dependent on delivery of
the drug to virtually all cancer cells in the tumour. The distribution of drug in tumour tissue …

Targeting nanoparticles to malignant tissues for improved diagnosis and therapy is a
popular concept. However, after surveying the literature from the past 10 years, only …

Cancer nanomedicines approved so far minimize toxicity, but their efficacy is often limited by
physiological barriers posed by the tumour microenvironment. Here, we discuss how these …

Malignant transformation and growth of the tumor mass tend to induce changes in the
surrounding microenvironment. Abnormality of the tumor microenvironment provides a …

Despite having an abundant number of vessels, tumours are usually hypoxic and nutrient-
deprived because their vessels malfunction. Such abnormal milieu can fuel disease …

The interstitium describes the fluid, proteins, solutes, and the extracellular matrix (ECM) that
comprise the cellular microenvironment in tissues. Its alterations are fundamental to …

Traditionally, the goal of nanoparticle-based chemotherapy has been to decrease normal
tissue toxicity by improving drug specificity to tumors. The enhanced permeability and …

The endothelial barrier strictly maintains vascular and tissue homeostasis, and therefore
modulates many physiological processes such as angiogenesis, immune responses, and …

Ultrasound‐induced bubble activity (cavitation) has been recently shown to actively
transport and improve the distribution of therapeutic agents in tumors. However, existing …