Interaction with colonizing intestinal bacteria is essential for healthy intestinal and
immunological development in infancy. Advances in understanding early host–microbe …

This review examines the relation between the mode of delivery and development of the
immune system in the offspring. Recent epidemiological studies provide evidence that …

Importance Probiotics have been hypothesized to affect immunologic responses to
environmental exposures by supporting healthy gut microbiota and could therefore …

Aims/hypothesis The aim of this study was to investigate the evidence of an increased risk of
childhood-onset type 1 diabetes in children born by Caesarean section by systematically …

Preclinical and human vaccine studies indicate that, although neonatal immunisation does
not generally lead to rapid and strong antibody responses, it may result in an efficient …

Background The composition of the intestinal flora in young children, if unfavourable, may
increase the susceptibility to allergic disorders. Beneficial intestinal microbes originate from …

Since the first mention of fetal programming of adult health and disease, a plethora of
programming events in early life has been suggested. These have included intrauterine and …

Background Intestinal bacteria have been implicated in the etiology of the common
inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Because delivery …

Neutrophilic granulocytes express Fcγ receptor (FcγR)[cluster of differentiation 64 (CD64)
antigen] only when they are activated. Neutrophil CD64, demonstrated using flow cytometry …

Primary elective cesarean performed on a patient's request now comprises 4% to 18% of all
cesareans and 14% to 22% of elective cesareans in reported series. Patients most …