The metabolism of Archaea, the third domain of life, resembles in its complexity those of
Bacteria and lower Eukarya. However, this metabolic complexity in Archaea is accompanied …

The Tat (t win‐a rginine t ranslocation) system is a bacterial protein export pathway with the
remarkable ability to transport folded proteins across the cytoplasmic membrane …

Harnessing the microbiota for beneficial outcomes is limited by our poor understanding of
the constituent bacteria, as the functions of most of their genes are unknown. Here, we …

Enzymatic removal of blood group ABO antigens to develop universal red blood cells
(RBCs) was a pioneering vision originally proposed more than 25 years ago. Although the …

Abstract Background: Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) catalyses the first
committed step in the pentose phosphate pathway; the generation of NADPH by this enzyme …

The Tat (twin a rginine t ranslocation) protein transport system functions to export folded
protein substrates across the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane and to insert certain integral …

Sorbitol, a polyol found in many fruits, is of increasing industrial interest as a sweetener,
humectant, texturizer and softener. At present, it is produced chemically. The bacterium …

The enzymes of the Leloir pathway catalyze the conversion of galactose to a more
metabolically useful version, glucose‐6‐phosphate. This pathway is required as galactose …

The outer carbohydrate layer, or O antigen, of Pseudomonas aeruginosa varies markedly in
different isolates of these bacteria, and at least 20 distinct O-antigen serotypes have been …

The role and extent of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) in eukaryotes are hotly disputed topics
that impact our understanding of the origin of metabolic processes and the role of organelles …