Aquatic invertebrates play a pivotal role in (eco) toxicological assessments because they
offer ethical, cost‐effective and repeatable testing options. Additionally, their significance in …

Emerging pollutants (EPs) are causative for teratogenic and reproductive effects. EPs are
detected in all the environmental matrices at higher levels. A suitable model for aquatic …

Copper, an essential microelement, is known to be toxic to aquatic life at concentrations
higher than that could be tolerated. Copper-induced oxidative stress has been documented …

Low concentrations of pharmaceuticals in the environment (ng/L to μg/L) are an
environmental concern. We used the invertebrates, Hydra oligactis and Hydra viridissima, as …

Using animals for scientific research has had great societal benefits, particularly for the
development of new drugs and chemical toxicity testing. However, such use also poses …

Hydra, a freshwater diploblast, with a simple but defined body plan, an organized nervous
system, and the presence of stem cells, is one of the oldest model organisms used in …

Sodium metasilicate (SM) is a synthetic hazardous water-soluble salt used in industry as an
active ingredient in household cleaning products. The impact of SM on the aquatic …

Animais são utilizados em atividades de ensino e pesquisa há vários séculos,
principalmente em estudos relacionados à anatomia, fisiologia e recentemente à …

The use of mammalian models for toxicological risk assessment of chemicals has been a
widespread practice for well over 50 years. This has remained controversial in view of the …

In this chapter, we present the use of invertebrate model species in the development of
adverse outcome pathways (AOPs), its challenges, and the current state of invertebrate …