Gold is a precious metal with a characteristic bright and beautiful hue known as the golden
yellow color.(1) As of 2012, a total of 174,100 tons of Au has been mined in human history …

Metal nanoclusters, composed of several to a few hundred metal atoms, have received
worldwide attention due to their extraordinary physical and chemical characteristics …

Exosomes constitute an emerging biomarker for cancer diagnosis because they carry
multiple proteins that reflect the origins of parent cells. Assessing exosome surface proteins …

1. INTRODUCTION Detection of chemical and biological agents plays a fundamental role in
biomedical, forensic and environmental sciences 1− 4 as well as in anti bioterrorism …

Based on the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of metallic nanoparticles,
plasmonic nanosensors have emerged as a powerful tool for biosensing applications. Many …

Nobel metal nanomaterials (NMNs) with interesting physical and chemical properties are
ideal building blocks for engineering and tailoring nanoscale structures for specific …

Sensors are devices that respond to physical or chemical stimuli and produce detectable
signals. 1r4 They are a critical extension of human perception of the world in many aspects …

Since the invention of the first biosensors 70 years ago, they have turned into valuable and
versatile tools for various applications, ranging from disease diagnosis to environmental …

In recent years, colorimetric biosensing has attracted much attention because of its low cost,
simplicity, and practicality. Since color changes can be read out by the naked eye …

The wide variety of core materials available, coupled with tunable surface properties, make
nanoparticles an excellent platform for a broad range of biological and biomedical …