To establish a successful infection plant viruses have to overcome a defense system
composed of several layers. This review will overview the various strategies plants employ …

Virus evolution is the change in the genetic structure of a viral population over time and
results in the emergence of new viral variants, strains, and species with novel biological …

Superinfection exclusion, a phenomenon in which a preexisting viral infection prevents a
secondary infection with the same or a closely related virus, has been described for various …

Amongst the Closteroviridae, Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) is almost unique in possessing a
number of distinct and characterized strains, isolates of which produce a wide range of …

RNA viruses have a great potential for genetic variation, rapid evolution and adaptation.
Characterization of the genetic variation of viral populations provides relevant information on …

Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) causes two citrus diseases that have caused devastating losses in
global citrus production. The first disease is quick decline of trees propagated on the sour …

Viruses have evolved as combinations of genes whose products interact with cellular
components to produce progeny virus throughout the plants. Some viral genes, particularly …

Citrus sudden death (CSD) has caused the death of approximately four million orange trees
in a very important citrus region in Brazil. Although its etiology is still not completely clear …

Introduction Useful germplasm for citrus breeding includes all sexually compatible species
of the former genera Citrus, Clymenia, Eremocitrus, Fortunella, Microcitrus, Oxanthera, and …

Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) is one of the economically destructive viruses affecting citrus trees
worldwide, causing significant losses in fruit production. Comparative genomic studies have …