Background There is a common perception that smoking generally helps people to manage
stress, and may be a form of'self‐medication'in people with mental health conditions …

Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) regulate the rewarding actions of
nicotine contained in tobacco that establish and maintain the smoking habit. nAChRs also …

Rationale: Impulsivity is implicated in drug dependence. Recent studies show problems with
alcohol and opioid dependence are associated with rapid discounting of the value of …

Rationale This review provides insight for the judicious selection of nicotine dose ranges
and routes of administration for in vivo studies. The literature is replete with reports in which …

This article updates a 1990 review of the effects of tobacco abstinence by reviewing (a)
which symptoms are valid indicators of tobacco abstinence and (b) the time course of …

Mood disorders are highly prevalent and are the leading cause of disability worldwide. The
neurobiological mechanisms underlying depression remain poorly understood, although …

ContextThe majority of cigarette smokers who achieve abstinence relapse within the first
year and require many attempts before achieving permanent abstinence. Evidence to …

Tobacco smoking is a worldwide public health problem. In the United States alone, over
400,000 deaths and $50 billion in medical costs annually are directly attributed to smoking …

Bowen, S., Witkiewitz, K., Clifasefi, SL, Grow, J., Chawla, N., Hsu, SH, Carroll, HA, Harrop, E.,
Collins, SE, Lustyk, MK, & Larimer, ME (2014). Relative efficacy of mindfulness-based …

A significant percentage of smokers attempting cessation lapse to smoking within a matter of
days and very few of these individuals recover to achieve abstinence. Current models of …