Solar energy has gained prominence because of the increasing global attention received by
renewable energies. This shift can be attributed to advancements and innovations in solar …

Previously undiscovered failure modes in photovoltaic (PV) modules continue to emerge in
field installations despite passing protocols for design qualification and quality assurance …

We present a holistic approach for the photovoltaic (PV) module frame improvement that
considers mechanical, electrical, economic, and ecological aspects for different frame …

Novel methods for advancing reliability testing of photovoltaic (PV) modules and materials
have recently been developed. Combined-accelerated stress testing (C-AST) is one such …

The mechanical analysis of photovoltaics and building integrated photovoltaics is a key step
for their optimal design and certification, and requires careful consideration, alongside solar …

In contrast to homogeneous mechanical load according to IEC 61215, photovoltaic modules
in the field are mainly exposed to inhomogeneous loads like snow or wind. This paper deals …

The reduction of photogenerated current in photovoltaic (PV) cells due to various
degradation mechanisms leads to hot spot (HS) generation, resulting in serious safety and …

Photovoltaics reliability for terrestrial applications has more than four decades of history and
experience. International standards development has prevented many early life failures and …

Using bolts through the back of a solar photovoltaic (PV) module frames to attach them to
racking is time consuming and awkward, so commercial PV installations use clamping …

We present a set of thermomechanical design rules to support and accelerate future (PV)
module developments. The design rules are derived from a comprehensive parameter …