In 2002, a transmembrane protein—now known as FNDC5—was discovered and shown to
be expressed in skeletal muscle, heart, and brain. It was virtually ignored for 10 years, until a …

Muscles and bones are intricately connected tissues displaying marked co-variation during
development, growth, aging, and in many diseases. While the diagnosis and treatment of …

Exercise perturbs homeostasis, alters the levels of circulating mediators and hormones, and
increases the demand by skeletal muscles and other vital organs for energy substrates …

Background Osteoporosis is recognized as a skeletal disorder characterized by diminished
bone tissue quality and density. Regular physical exercise is widely acknowledged to …

Objective Considerable uncertainty remains regarding the veracity of measuring myokine
irisin more than seven years after its original description. Unresolved issues include the …

The scientific interest in irisin, a myokine discovered in 2012, has grown exponentially in
recent years. Irisin, which is mainly produced in skeletal muscle, influences the browning …

Obesity is a worldwide health problem due to the imbalance of energy intake and energy
expenditure. Irisin, a newly identified exercise‐responsive myokine, which is produced by …

Irisin is a myokine produced by skeletal muscle during exercise in both mice and humans.
We previously showed that irisin treatment ameliorates immobility‐induced osteoporosis …

Almost four years after the discovery of the anabolic action of irisin on bone in mice, ample
clinical evidence is emerging in support of its additional physiological relevance in human …

Exercise training promotes physical and bone health, and is the first choice of non-drug
strategies that help to improve the prognosis and complications of many chronic diseases …