Sialic acids and heparan sulfates make up the outermost part of the cell membrane and the
extracellular matrix. Both structures are characterized by being negatively charged, serving …

The target of an antibody plays a significant role in the success of antibody-based
therapeutics and diagnostics, and vaccine development. This importance is focused on the …

Bird observation mainly relies on field surveys, which are time-consuming and laborious. In
this study, we explored using street-view images in the virtual survey of urban birds and …

Highly pathogenic influenza A virus H5 subtype remains a risk for transmission in humans.
The H5N8 subtype has caused multiple outbreaks in poultry in Europe over the past few …

H5N8 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) has caused huge losses to the global
poultry industry and critically threatens public health. Chickens are the important host for the …

Viruses were cast under the international spotlight due to the global COVID-19 pandemic in
the early 2020s, renewing interests and applications in the field. With the pandemic still …

Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) continue to be a problem all across the world, but in
certain areas the threat is greater than in others. The detection of new diseases will aid in …

Les virus influenza aviaires constituent une menace importante pour la santé humaine et
animale. Ces virus sont responsables d'une morbidité et d'une mortalité très élevées surtout …

Abstract Langya Henipavirus (LayV) is a new zoonotic Henipavirus reported in 2022.
Patients infected by LayV show common cold symptoms, such as fever, fatigue, and cough …

Influenza vaccination remains a challenge in low and middle income countries despite high
rates of mortality and morbidity in children. World Health Organization and Serum Institute of …