Synthetic biology applies genetic tools to engineer living cells and organisms analogous to
the programming of machines. In materials synthetic biology, engineering principles from …

Ribozymes are functional RNA molecules that can catalyze biochemical reactions. Since the
discovery of the first catalytic RNA, various functional ribozymes (eg, self-cleaving …

Background Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the main energy carrier in living organisms,
critical for metabolism and essential physiological processes. In humans, abnormal …

Synthetic biological circuits are promising tools for developing sophisticated systems for
medical, industrial, and environmental applications. So far, circuit implementations …

Whole-cell sensing systems (WCSSs) are highly anticipated in the field of on-site detection.
However, due to their low specificity, poor stability, and potential environmental problems …

Biological circuits and systems within even a single cell need to be represented by large-
scale feedback networks of nonlinear, stochastic, stiff, asynchronous, non-modular coupled …

There are a number of significant changes taking place in modern city development and
most of them are based on the number of recent technological progress. This paper provides …

The selection of optimal enzyme concentration in multienzyme cascade reactions for the
highest product yield in practice is very expensive and time-consuming process. The …

As the fields of biotechnology and synthetic biology expand, cheap and sensitive tools are
needed to measure increasingly complicated genetic circuits. In order to bypass some …

The boltzmann-exponential thermodynamic laws govern the noisy molecular flux in
chemical reactions as well as the noisy subthreshold electron current flux in transistors …