Inflammatory responses in the peripheral (PNS) and central nervous systems (CNS) play
key roles in the development and persistence of many pathologic pain states. 1 Certain …

The highly disagreeable sensation of pain results from an extraordinarily complex and
interactive series of mechanisms integrated at all levels of the neuroaxis, from the periphery …

Hyperalgesia and allodynia are frequent symptoms of disease and may be useful
adaptations to protect vulnerable tissues. Both may, however, also emerge as diseases in …

Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) has been detected in increased amounts in
external jugular venous blood during migraine attacks. However, it is unknown whether this …

Tissue damage, inflammation or injury of the nervous system may result in chronic
neuropathic pain characterised by increased sensitivity to painful stimuli (hyperalgesia), the …

Modern molecular biology has revealed vast numbers of large and complex proteins and
genes that regulate body function. By contrast, discoveries over the past ten years indicate …

In addition to the debilitating fatigue, the majority of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome
(CFS) experience chronic widespread pain. These pain complaints show the greatest …

This paper reviews the recent advances in knowledge of brainstem mechanisms related to
craniofacial pain. It also draws attention to their clinical implications, and concludes with a …

The aim of the present thesis was to investigate the pathophysiology of chronic tension-type
headache with special reference to central mechanisms. Increased tenderness to palpation …

Nitroglycerine has been used for over a century to treat coronary heart disease, and it has
long been suggested that humans synthesize oxides of nitrogen (Mitchell et al., 1916) …