The chronic mild (or unpredictable/variable) stress (CMS) model was developed as an
animal model of depression more than 20 years ago. The foundation of this model was that …

The chronic mild stress (CMS) model of depression has high validity but has in the past
been criticized for being difficult to replicate. However, a large number of recent publications …

Studies reported that sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) can remit the depressive-like and anxiety-
like behaviors induced by type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). However, the mechanism is still …

Despite the knowledge that women are more susceptible than men to stress-related mental
illness, such as major depression, there is no comprehensive estimation of the role of …

Exercise showed the beneficial effects on mental health in depressed sufferers, whereas, its
underlying mechanisms remained unresolved. This study utilized the chronic unpredictable …

Cholecystokinin (CCK) involvement in depression-like disorders is poorly documented.
Here, we investigated whether CCKergic neurotransmission is relevant to depressive-like …

Tartrazine is an artificial azo dye commonly used in human food and pharmaceutical
products. The present study was conducted to evaluate the toxic effect of tartrazine on the …

Increasing evidence implicates mitochondrial failure as a crucial factor in the pathogenesis
of mental disorders, such as depression. The aim of the present study was to investigate the …

The chronic mild stress (CMS) paradigm was developed in order to simulate in animals the
symptom of anhedonia, a major feature of depression. Typically, changes in hedonic status …

Sex differences in behavioral and neurobiological responses to stress are considered to
modulate the prevalence of some psychiatric disorders, including major depression. In the …