In the contemporary era of scientific and medical advancements, the accurate and ultra-
sensitive detection of proteins, nucleic acids and metabolites plays a pivotal role in disease …

Concomitant Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology is a frequent event in the context of Lewy
body disease (LBD), occurring in approximately half of all cases. Evidence shows that LBD …

Background The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which surrounds the brain and spinal cord, is
predominantly produced by the choroid plexus of the ventricle. Although CSF-derived …

Background and Objectives Patients with Lewy body disease (LBD) often show a co-
occurring Alzheimer disease (AD) pathology. CSF biomarkers allow the detection in vivo of …

Synaptic degeneration is an early event closely associated with the course of Alzheimer's
disease (AD). The identification of synaptic blood biomarkers is, therefore, of great interest …

Introduction Synaptic loss is closely associated with tau aggregation and microglia activation
in later stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, synaptic damage happens early in AD …

Abstract Alzheimer's disease (AD), a primary cause of dementia globally, is traditionally
diagnosed via cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) measures and positron emission tomography …

Introduction The importance of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease
(AD) diagnosis is rapidly increasing, and there is a growing interest in the use of CSF …

Alzheimer disease (AD) is a chronic and heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorder
characterized by complex pathological processes involving neuroinflammation …

The accurate diagnosis of neuroinflammatory (NIDs) and neurodegenerative (NDDs)
diseases and the stratification of patients into disease subgroups with distinct disease …