Since discovered in the late 19th century, 1, 2 increasing research interest has focused on
the electrically conductive nature of the aromatic polymer family such as polyaniline (PAN), 3 …

The current status of sensors capable of continuous measurement of analytes in biological
media is reviewed. This review containing 173 references deals with devices whose use in …

Cholinergic neurotransmission throughout the neocortex and hippocampus regulates
arousal, learning, and attention. However, owing to the poorly characterized timing and …

Study Design. In vitro measurements of metabolic rates of isolated bovine nucleus pulposus
cells at varying levels of oxygen, glucose, and pH. Objectives. To obtain quantitative …

Since the first implant of a carbon microelectrode in a rat 35 years ago, there have been
substantial advances in the sensitivity, selectivity and temporal resolution of electrochemical …

The oxygen dependence of a first generation amperometric biosensor was investigated in
vitro and in vivo by monitoring its glucose response as a function of solution pO2. The …

Technology innovations including the invention of advanced materials in the healthcare field
have made the patient care, disease diagnosis and therapy more precise, efficient, and …

Elevated levels of the excitotoxic amino acids, glutamate and aspartate, have been
implicated in the pathogenesis of neuronal injury and death induced by cerebral ischemia …

Acetylcholine (ACh) and choline (Ch) are important neuroactive molecules, yet detection of
these substances in vivo presents significant analytical challenges. New multienzyme …

Chemical signalling underlies every function of the nervous system, from those of which we
are unaware, for example, control of the heart, to higher cognitive functions, such as …