Bone-tissue defects affect millions of people worldwide. Despite being common treatment
approaches, autologous and allogeneic bone grafting have not achieved the ideal …

The design and fabrication of tissue engineering scaffolds is a highly complex process. In
order to provide a proper architecture for cells to grow, proliferate, and differentiate to form …

Critically engineered stiffness and strength of a scaffold are crucial for managing
maladapted stress concentration and reducing stress shielding. At the same time, suitable …

Scaffold design necessitates the consideration of mechanical properties and fluid flow
dynamics as the main factors in the development of such materials. The mechanical …

Nanofibrous structures have long been used as scaffolds for tissue engineering (TE)
applications, due to their favorable characteristics, such as high porosity, flexibility, high cell …

Bioreactors have become indispensable tools in the cell-based therapy industry. Various
forms of bioreactors are used to maintain well-controlled microenvironments to regulate cell …

Mechanical environment has a crucial role in our organism at the different levels, ranging
from cells to tissues and our own organs. This regulatory role is especially relevant for …

Osteochondral (OC) defects usually involve the damage of both the cartilage and its
underneath subchondral bone. In recent years, tissue engineering (TE) has become the …

Among the factors that are important in successful bone tissue regeneration through
scaffolds are permeability and fluid flow-induced wall shear stress (WSS) because of the …

Bone tissue engineering (BTE) is in active search of the ideal scaffold to give a clinical
solution for bone regeneration in non-union fractures. During the last decades, the use of …