In the last decades, substantial changes have occurred regarding what scientists consider
the limits of habitable environmental conditions. For every extreme environmental condition …

We present an overview of the radiation environment monitoring program planned for the
Europa Clipper mission. The harsh radiation environment of Jupiter will be measured by a …

Europa's orbit in the radiation environment of Jupiter is reviewed as is the influence of the
neutral gas torus on the surface weathering of that moon. Data and fits to charged particle …

For the entire ion energy range observed at Europa, we calculate spatially resolved maps of
the surface sputtering rates of H2O, O2, and H2 from impacts by magnetospheric ions. We …

Life was limited for most of Earth's history, remaining at a primitive stage and mostly marine
until about 0.55 Ga. In the Paleozoic, life eventually exploded and colonized the continental …

We present an empirical model of the energetic electron environment in Jupiter's
magnetosphere that we have named the Galileo Interim Radiation Electron Model version‐2 …

Strong depletions of energetic protons (115–244 keV) were observed during Galileo flyby
E26 of Europa. We simulate the flux of energetic protons using a Monte Carlo particle …

Geophysics-focused missions and improved geophysical data sets are critical for the future
exploration of icy ocean worlds. Of particular interest is the exploration of the Galilean moon …

Jupiter has the most complex and energetic radiation belts in our Solar System and one of
the most challenging space environments to measure and characterize in-depth. Their …

Electrons contribute a strong radiation component to the surface bombardment of Europa.
However, they are not typically considered to contribute to erosion of the surface H 2 O-ice …