Changes in the intestinal microbiome have been associated with obesity and type 2
diabetes, in epidemiological studies and studies of the effects of fecal transfer in germ-free …

Normal eating behaviour is coordinated by the tightly regulated balance between intestinal
and extra-intestinal homeostatic and hedonic mechanisms. By contrast, food addiction is a …

Aberrant amino acid metabolism is a common event in obesity. Particularly, subjects with
obesity are characterized by the excessive plasma kynurenine (Kyn). However, the primary …

Metabolic complications in an obese state can be aggravated by an abnormal inflammatory
response and enhanced production of reactive oxygen species. Pro-inflammatory response …

Abstract In May 2014, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) stated its intent to “require
applicants to consider sex as a biological variable (SABV) in the design and analysis of NIH …

Existing explanations of obesity-associated cancer emphasise direct mutagenic effects of
dietary components or hormonal imbalance. Some of these hypotheses are reviewed briefly …

Multiple factors are involved in the etiology of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Pathological
changes occur in a variety of cell types long before symptoms become apparent and …

Tryptophan (Trp) is an amino acid and an essential component of the human diet. It plays a
crucial role in many metabolic functions. Clinicians can use Trp levels in the course of …

There is a growing awareness that gut commensal metabolites play a major role in host
physiology and indeed the pathophysiology of several illnesses. The composition of the …

Background: Obesity is a condition with a complex pathophysiology characterized by both
chronic low-grade inflammation and changes in the gut microbial ecosystem. These …