Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) is a complex molybdoflavoenzyme, present in milk and
many other tissues, which has been studied for over 100 years. While it is generally …

The use of nitroglycerin in the treatment of angina pectoris began not long after its original
synthesis in 1847. Since then, the discovery of nitric oxide as a biological effector and better …

Background: Currently as many as one-half of women with suspected myocardial ischemia
have no obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD), and abnormal coronary reactivity (CR) is …

Background—Coronary endothelial dysfunction is characterized by vasoconstrictive
response to the endothelium-dependent vasodilator acetylcholine. Although endothelial …

Background Coronary microvascular inflammation is hypothesized to play a fundamental
role in the pathophysiology of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). No …

Sodium nitroprusside has been used in clinical practice as an arterial and venous
vasodilator for 40 years. This prodrug reacts with physiologic sulfhydryl groups to release …

Chronic liver diseases are often characterized by portal hy-pertension, an important
component of which is increased intrahepatic vascular resistance (IHVR). We have long …

Background—Coronary vascular dysfunction has been linked to atherosclerosis and
adverse cardiovascular outcomes in men, but these relationships have not been firmly …

Background Coronary endothelial dysfunction may occur in patients with minimally
obstructive coronary artery disease and angina, and potentially may cause myocardial …

The organic nitrates are widely used in the management of coronary artery disease. They
are given not only to patients with stable angina pectoris, but also to those with unstable …