Serious climate changes and energy-related environmental problems are currently critical
issues in the world. In order to reduce carbon emissions and save our environment …

The protozoan parasites Cryptosporidium and Giardia are significant causes of diarrhoea
worldwide and are responsible for numerous waterborne and foodborne outbreaks of …

Simple Summary Cryptosporidium is a parasite that infects humans and a broad range of
animals. There are few diagnostic features that can be used to identify and differentiate …

Cryptosporidium species differ in host range. Parasite–host coevolution, host adaptation,
and geographic segregation have led to the formation of subtype families with unique …

Abstract Viruses, Giardia cysts, and Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts are all major causes of
waterborne diseases that can be uniquely challenging in terms of inactivation/removal …

Giardia duodenalis is a common intestinal parasite in various hosts, with the disease
giardiasis being a zoonosis. The use of molecular typing tools has improved our …

Giardia duodenalis is a protozoan parasite infecting the upper intestinal tract of humans, as
well as domestic and wild animals worldwide. Transmission of giardiasis occurs through the …

The lack of access to safe drinking water is one of the biggest challenges facing humanity in
the 21st century. Despite the collective global effort that has been made, the drinking water …

Cryptosporidiosis, caused by parasite species of the genus Cryptosporidium, is a major
diarrhoeal disease in both people and animals globally, with C. hominis and C. parvum the …

The aim of this review is to identify the worldwide trend of waterborne protozoan outbreaks
and how it varies between geographic regions during the period from 2017 to 2020. Data …