According to the so-called upwelling paradigm, development of equatorial plasma bubbles
(EPBs) involves (1) appearance of an upwelling (ie, local uplift with a zonal width of~ 400 …

Plasma structure in the nighttime equatorial F layer, often referred to as equatorial spread F
(ESF), is not uniformly distributed, either in time or in space. Observations indicate that ESF …

Abstract The Low lAtitude long Range Ionospheric raDar (LARID), which consists of two high
frequency (HF) radars looking toward the east and west of Hainan Island, respectively, has …

The spatial large‐scale wave structure (LSWS) at the base of F layer is the earliest
manifestation of seed perturbation for Rayleigh‐Taylor instability, hence, found to play a …

A fundamental goal of researchers has been to attain a comprehensive grasp of how plasma
structure develops in the nighttime equatorial F layer. Understanding of this phenomenon …

The ionosonde observations made at 5-min intervals at the Indian dip equatorial station
Tirunelveli (8.7° N, 77.8° E geographic; 1.1° N dip latitude) from March 2008 to February …

Abstract Space‐weather conditions can often have a detrimental impact on satellite
communications and limited experimental data has made it challenging to understand the …

Plasma structure in nighttime equatorial F layer, referred to as equatorial spread F (ESF),
displays climatology whose seasonal variation depends on longitude. At longitudes where …

In this paper, we study the onset conditions and features of equatorial F region irregularities
linked with equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs) using observations made simultaneously by …

Few observations investigated the interaction between an electrical medium‐scale traveling
ionospheric disturbance (EMSTID) and an equatorial plasma bubble (EPB). This paper …